Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation business specializing in Internet services and artificial intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and provides a wide range of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation forum).

Besides its core internet search service, Baidu has actually diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The business is a leading player in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise customer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in expert system, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud infrastructure, foundation models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese company to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese firm to sign up with the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has progressively concentrated on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a web site based on how numerous other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu every time a client clicked on an ad, preceding Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news search engine and image online search engine, adopting an unique identification innovation capable of recognizing and grouping the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to supply its own reports, besides revealing particular outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar workers manage their company relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company introduced a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving lorry platform, in a quote to help drive the development of autonomous cars including automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to introduce this job in July 2017, before gradually introducing totally autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to purchase as lots of as 100 autonomous driving projects over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software application version 1.5 was also released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle market providers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a partnership with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable that can listen and speak in a number of various languages. Smaller than a normal mobile phone, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing artificial intelligence (AI) technology into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has actually likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the very same month, Baidu announced that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to talk about the business’s mission and method, technology developments, new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” part of its abroad business, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar idea said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise comes with the most current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive tips to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical vehicle business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first principle ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production lorry. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric car platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language model Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had actually finished 6 million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct website unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page saying “This site has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later introduced legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical support personnel changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, regardless of failing security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been altered, the person was able to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, allowing them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu employees arrested

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 employees of Baidu were detained on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The bribes were apparently spent for deleting posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger arrangement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally suggests “a hundred times”, or additionally, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, all of a sudden reversing, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows advertisers to have their ads revealed in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search outcomes are likewise based upon payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and skepticism among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues regarding reliability of Baidu results. Often as lots of as the very first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its advertising products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it tough for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with a user interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a registered company address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] competes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu played down its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.

It is also apparent that Baidu is trying to go into the Internet social media market. As of 2011 [upgrade], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the international social network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would face off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for a review of the habits of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually utilized anticompetitive tactics in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually started to buy deep knowing research study and is integrating new deep learning innovation into a few of its apps and products, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live looked for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This technology instantly scans files that are published by Internet users, and recognizes and removes material that might violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they got permits from China to provide the very first driverless taxis. The business goal to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous automobiles set to start using rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile location in rural begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of blocked sites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its inquiry results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a claim that sought to penalize the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet police departments to spot info associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with informs eliminating false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, along with other Internet companies, to “conduct special guidance” on news and details related to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page supposedly contributed to the death of a student who attempted a speculative cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college trainee was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an unusual kind of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the health center had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the healthcare facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The event triggered huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of private investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement earnings, much of which originates from for-profit hospitals that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the nation founded by medical entrepreneurs related to the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose a number of limitations on Baidu, including including disclaimers to advertising content and establishing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified healthcare facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of illness will totally stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public welfare companies. In response to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private health centers have gone into a period of industry change and updating, and are neither reliant on publishing bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android devices developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings enhancing background programs on user gadgets since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking web advertisements – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese sites that were banned or obstructed in India for national security factors. [119]

2024 head of interactions controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked major backlashes throughout the Chinese social networks for backing toxic work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually excited even more discussions amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the incident and has presumably lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.