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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation business focusing on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and supplies a wide variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).
Besides its core web search service, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth locations. The business is a leading player in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart customer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in synthetic intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, including software application, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure models, and applications. [5]
The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese company to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly concentrated on generative AI related items. [13]
The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early advancement
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also worked on establishing much better algorithms for online search engine and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a website based on the number of other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.
Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted marketers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu every time a customer clicked on an ad, predating Google’s approach to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and photo search engine, embracing a special recognition technology capable of recognizing and grouping the short articles. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides revealing specific outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search engine result. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers manage their organization relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian variation of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a bid to help drive the development of self-governing vehicles consisting of lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this task in July 2017, before gradually introducing fully autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 self-governing driving projects over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise introduced. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry providers, on automated driving and connected vehicles. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous different languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be inserting expert system (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the very same duration, it has actually also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would introduce self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its very first yearly Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, staff members, partners, designers, and media to discuss the business’s objective and strategy, innovation advancements, new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]
China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” portion of its overseas organization, which developed a series of utility apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong since JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar idea said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise includes the most current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to supply predictive ideas to proactively serve the needs of guests.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical lorry company initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first principle ROBO-01 in the type of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical car platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually completed 6 million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless automobiles in Wuhan. [56]
Domain name redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on reacted by attacking Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later released legal action against Register.com for gross neglect after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical support personnel changed the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed person, despite stopping working security confirmation procedures. Once the address had been altered, the person had the ability to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]
Baidu workers detained
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 staff members of Baidu were jailed on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The allurements were presumably spent for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, but it has actually been reported that the app shop faces privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a conclusive merger arrangement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or additionally, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, all of a sudden reversing, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s main marketing product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based upon payments by advertisers. This has actually triggered criticism and skepticism among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns regarding reliability of Baidu results. Often as many as the very first 2 pages of search results page tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu offers its advertising products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a registered service address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most used online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its advantage from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.
It is likewise obvious that Baidu is attempting to enter the Internet social network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is discussing the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the global social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This plan, if carried out, would face off Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the habits of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have used anticompetitive methods in Brazil against the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]
In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has started to buy deep knowing research study and is incorporating brand-new deep knowing innovation into a few of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live used for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” technology. This technology automatically scans files that are published by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that might breach copyright law. This allows Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu revealed they acquired authorizations from China to offer the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous automobiles set to begin offering trips to guests within a 23-square-mile area in rural begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless car that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department show a long list of blocked sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu deserves to block works from its question results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to punish the company. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu started collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet police departments to spot info associated to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with alerts resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge information and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to “carry out unique supervision” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results apparently contributed to the death of a student who attempted a speculative cancer treatment he found online. The 21-year-old university student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s household spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The occurrence set off enormous online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical marketing offsets 30% of Baidu’s advertisement profits, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities across the nation founded by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose numerous restrictions on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to marketing material and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will completely stop industrial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public welfare companies. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal health centers have gotten in a duration of industry change and upgrading, and are neither depending on posting bar advertisements nor depending on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative influence on the market. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue enhancing background programs on user devices since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications developed by the business, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking web ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user ranking of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese websites that were banned or obstructed in India for national security reasons. [119]
2024 head of communications controversy
In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked major reactions across the Chinese social networks for backing hazardous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day company trip during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused even more discussions amongst Chinese netizens concerning Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu freely said sorry after the event and has allegedly lost her task. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by popularity.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones”.